1. Elongation of simple bar For prismatic bar area is constant along depth Change in length ( ΔL) = PL/AE Here, P = pull applied L = length of section A = area of section E = Young's modulus of elasticity of material 2. Elongation of stepped bar Elongation ( Δ) = (PL 1 /A 1 E) + (PL 2 /A 2 E) + (PL 3 /A 3 E) 3. Elongation of circular tapering bar Elongation ( Δ) = (4PL/ πED 1 D 2 ) 4. Elongation of composite bar Elongation ( Δ) = [PL(A 1 E 1 +A 2 E 2 )]
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